## In a glance

This module calculates the costs of heat supply in buildings via decentral heating technologies. Inputs to the module are investment and O&M costs, energy prices, the hourly load profile of heat demand as well as depreciation time and interest rate. Furthermore, the composition of buildings and renovation states of the buildings in the analysed area are required. The outputs are heat supply costs of various decentral heat supply technologies for the defined buildings and price assumptions as well as reference decentral supply costs for the analysed area and related CO2 emissions.

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## Introduction

This calclulation module calculates the levelized cost of heat (LCOH) for various technologies to supply a user definded building

The technologies are for example as follows:

• Heat pump air-to-air, air-to-water and Brine-to-water,
• Electric heater,
• Bio-oil boiler,
• Oil boiler,
• Biomass automatic and manual,
• Wood stove,
• Natural gas,
• Solar thermal

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# Data Sources:

• NUTS Raster
• Building stock (NUTS0 Level): useful energy demand by building class and construction period
• Financial Data - Heating Systems (NUTS0 Level)
• Financial Data - Energy Carrier Prices (NUTS0 Level):

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# Inputs:

• Selection of an interested area
• Savings in space heating,
• Gross floor area
• Year (for finance data)
• Calculation interest rate,
• Building age
• Building Type
• Emission factors per energy carrier

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# Outputs:

## Indicators:

• Corresponding NUTS Code: NUTS3 Code of the selected region (when using hectare level or LAU level)
• entered savings in space heating
• entered gross floor area
• entered year
• entered interest rate
• entered building age
• entered building type
• annual useful energy demand of the building
• Sector
• Used Building type for each the financial data

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## Graphs:

• LCOH
• OPEX
• CAPEX
• Energy Costs
• CO2 Emissions
• Thermal Efficiency
• Final Energy Demand
• Total Costs
• Annuity factor

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# Methodology:

Based on the selected region the corresponding NUTS0 and NUTS2 Region is determined.

Then for the selected building type and building age and NUTS0 region the specific useful energy demand is selected and the annual heat demand calculated by multiplying it by the gross floor area.

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Based on the annual heat demand of the building and the entered savings in space heating the heat load is calculated with the use the heat load profiles.

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With the heat load, the annual heat demand and the selected year the investment costs and operational costs and fuel costs for each heating technology are determined.

The specific investment and operational costs are assumed to have an exponential behavior:

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Therefor based on the country, year and building type of the entered inputs the factors for each technology are figured out:

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With the factors determined the absolute costs can be calculated as follows:

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For the fuel costs the price data of the energy carriers are needed.

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Now we have all needed data and can calculate the levelized cost of heat.

The levelized cost of heat for each heating system is calculated as the net present value of the cashflow and the heat generation over the lifetime.

The levelized cost of heat is given by:

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In this calculation the yearly costs and the yearly heat production (useful energy demand) is assumed to be constant over the life time and thus the summations transform to a geometric series and the transforming factor is called the annuity factor α. A graphical representation of this transforming process is shown in the figures below

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This assumption simplifies the calculation and the LCOH is given by following formula:

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## GitHub repository of this calculation module

Here you get the bleeding-edge development for this calculation module.

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## Sample run

### Test Run 1

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### Test Run 2

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## How to cite

Hotmaps-Wiki, https://github.com/HotMaps/hotmaps_wiki/wiki/CM-Decentral-heating-costs (November 2019)

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## Authors and reviewers

Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives

Gusshausstrasse 27-29/370

1040 Wien

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